Why does free show 1GB available but your app OOM’d? Why is RSS 4GB when your heap is 2GB? A complete taxonomy of memory metrics from system level (total, available, cached) to process level (RSS, PSS, USS, WSS) to allocator internals.
Structs with methods look like classes, but the hardware tells a different story. Go makes contiguous values + static calls the path of least resistance. In inheritance-heavy C++ designs, you often end up with pointers + virtual dispatch + scattered memory. This isn’t syntax - it’s what the CPU executes.
All Python developers know that everything in Python is an object. But at what cost? A deep dive into Python’s heap-only memory model and the 28-byte overhead of storing a simple integer.